The
Us Army Special Forces (USSF), also known as Green Berets, developed a variety of missions in Vietnam, some of which were unique. The main mission was to advise the self-defense and CIDG (pronounced "SIDgen" in English and "Luc-Luong Biet Kich" in Vietnamese). This was a counterinsurgency paramilitary forces composed of ethnic minorities who were essentially civilian employees of the U.S. Army (the CIDG were not a component of the ARVN). The SF trained, armed, equipped, clothed, paid and supported the CIDG.
The Commander of Special Forces or Vietnamese nA Du Luc-luogo-Dac-Biet (LLDB) were in charge of the CIDG and the Green Berets served as advisers, but operations were carried out by the Green Berets, mainly due to they kept their resources.
Camps of the Strike Forces (CSF) operated from established fortified camps in remote areas to provide protection to the villagers in the operation of the Viet Cong (VC). Driving controls on the border, infiltration, assault and reconnaissance tactics in their areas of responsibility (TAOR). The CSF were units of a battalion size mostly recruited from the premises, to maintain the security of their homes and families. Their weapons, training and moral level were not made for long-term operations outside their villages.
More than 80 camps were operating on the highest peak in the CIDG program. Between 1962 and 1970, the number of camps were opened, closed or relocated due to the attacks of EVN / VC. Only seven camps were destroyed between 1963 and 1968, others were closed after heavy battles. Other areas were subject to long periods of attack. Much camps successfully rejected enemy onslaught, but in some cases they needed reinforcements and relief of their forces. There were cases where these forces were not available, but regular units nearby to come to her aid but were occasionally denied by the U.S. Army, Marines and the ARVN for political reasons and / or tactics.
In response, in October 1964 the foundations were exposed to the creation of the Mobile Strike Forces or MIKE Forces (SPS / MF) and a small number of reaction forces were set up for local use, such as "Eagle Flights". These were the immediate reaction forces, and consisted of three companies and a HQ totaling about 600 men (500 were combat troops and 100 civilians were responsible for "maintaining" the camp, cooking and driving), and was an element of elite CIDG that could react quickly to enemy attack the camps. The main mission of immediate reaction forces was presented by General Michael "Mike" Healey (hence the term MIKE Forces) when he conceived the Nung Reaction Forces. A unit under the command conducted by a U.S. Special Force, would be able to rescue American advisers or units that were in dangerous circumstances.
In 1966 the 5th Special Forces Group (5th SFG) established five Mobile Strike Forces (SPS) or MIKE Forces, one in each tactical zone (CTZ) and fifth in HQ 5th HAFS in Nha Trang. These units are made up of recruits from the CIDG specially trained paratroopers and airborne tactics. Initially they were the size of a battalion and led by an A-Team of the USSF, usually two officers and ten sergeants.
ability MIKE Forces for reinforcement, combined with the availability of American air power played a vital role in preventing the fall of some camps.
Trained as airborne troops / airmoblie, Mike Force companies were not only used as response elements, but also in offensive patrols or ambushes. The four-week basic training program was beginning, followed by advanced training that included combat operations and retraining as a result of the deficiencies found during operations. All training covered:
* Insert into action immediately.
* escort and security techniques, including training in night fighting.
* Map reading and navigation.
* Evasion and Escape. * Ensure
DZ and LZ. * Intelligence
combat.
* Demolitions.
* lookup.
* raids on enemy-controlled territory.
* illegal occupation of areas. * Employment
LMG and mortar.
* Conduct hasty defense and withdrawal.
* Communications (including air support).
* Operations helicopter transport.
* infiltration techniques. * Select and dial
DZ and LZ.
* Address and phone for paratroopers and air-ground operations.
Because of its ability to fight and loyalty, Nung tribesmen were great representatives in the early MIKE Forces. The USSF not only made the Nung good fighters, mercenaries were also among the cheapest (cheaper) and more cost-effective. A Nung Reaction Force was authorized to afford to just under $ 30,000 per month (about $ 45 per man), low cost code 904, a special code for the Nung Force under CIDG Financing Program. The main expenditures were made in the following categories: payment to civilians, subsistence (food), fighters, and other necessary expenses.
MIKE Forces, quickly grew in size to become brigade-size forces cone two to five battalions and an A-Team leading every one, and under the tactical command of a B-Team. In addition to the tasks of strengthening and relief camps, claimed the sites were built for future camps while CSF began to recruit and train. They also conducted independent operations to large-scale offensive, as their experience and training levels grew. MIKE Forces became highly capable units led by a small number of Americans. In December 1966 MIKE Forces came under the joint supervision of the Special Forces and LLDB. Even after that date, for all practical purposes, the Special Forces Operational retained control MIKE Forces. Mike
The Armed Forces were a variety of weapons including rifles M2 with its configuration originates from a magazine of 20 rounds, and then with a capacity of 30 cartridges and automatically. BAR were also used, heavy but powerful, the .30 caliber Browning MG, .45 caliber pistols, grenade launchers, M79, M16 60mm mortars.
MIKE Forces were also used in operations of the SOG (Studies & Observation Group). These included raids on the borders, in reconnaissance, intelligence and LRRP within Cambodia, Laos and North Vietnam. Border crossings that were usually excluded for all U.S. personnel, in contrast to the personal "indigenous" was not forbidden, and were used by the command of SOG for risky missions, particularly in intelligence gathering information. These missions often caused a high death toll
The USSF also carried special projects to collect survey information on enemy activities in controlled areas and infiltration routes. These projects "Greek letters"-level missions executed operations by providing invaluable information to the high command. The Mobile Guerrilla Forces (FGM), non-standard units the size of companies conducting missions in remote areas controlled by the enemy using the methods of guerrilla warfare.
AUSTRALIAN
Although not integrated into the Forces have to appoint Mike also collaborators, AATTV (Australian Army Training Team Vietnam) was a specialized unit of the Australian Army which operated during the Vietnam War. The unit was raised in 1962 and consisted of approximately 30 officers and warrant officers. The task of the unit was to train military units in South Vietnam, ie the same task that had the green berets of the MSF, which often acted together or support.
As the war intensified, the size of the unit increased to approximately 100, with an area of \u200b\u200boperations extends from the extreme south of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) that form the border between North and South Vietnam.
Over time, team members have participated in many combat situations, often the control of the Vietnamese military formations.
Due to its small size, and a wide area of \u200b\u200boperations, it was rare for the entire unit to be in the same place at the same time, which usually occurred only on ANZAC Day - the other occasion was when the unit filed past when he received the Commendation of Merit Unit at the hands of the Commander of U.S. Forces in Vietnam in 1970.
The AATTV had the longest period of service any Australia unit in Vietnam, serving from 1962 to 1972, a total of ten years, four months and sixteen days.
The unit also had the distinction of being the first unit of Australia arrived in Vietnam and the last to be removed.
During his service, a total of 1000 men served with the unit, which consists of 990 Australians and 10 New Zealanders. Of these, a total of 33 men were killed and 122 wounded. Among other awards granted, received 4 crossings of the victory.
During the regular morning commercial flight linking Singapore to Saigon August 3, 1962, an incredible transformation occurred among the male passengers. Among them, 29 had short hair and tough-looking, in civilian clothes. One by one, they were stopping and going to the toilet. When every passenger returning, had become an Australian soldier in camouflage green. These would be the first troops of Australia formally be involved in the Vietnam Conflict. Group formed part of the Australian Army Training Vietnam (AATTV) better known as "The Team" or "The Expendables." For reasons of diplomatic sensitivity this special quota policy had not boarded the plane in Singapore military uniform. They were the first Australians to arrive and the last to leave. They would be there to do the best they could for the benefit of Australian foreign policy and anti-Communist South Vietnam for nearly 15 years. Far the longest period of time that Australian military unit served in combat service.
His first CO was a Colonel. FP Serong, an expert in jungle warfare and later Special Counsel Counter-Insurgency General Paul D. Harkins, CO MACV 1962-64.
The Team won 4 Victoria Cross medals, one of which he was awarded the WO Keith Payne Ben Het heroic actions.
Interestingly, the phrase which I enclose prologue to the history of AATTV attributed to TE Lawrence: "This is their war and you are here to help, not to win it for them"
"In early April we had a notice of the nature of the conflict that was raging on the mountain. Two Australian commandos, a group of advisers of the South Vietnamese Army Rangers, arrived in the area of \u200b\u200bCharley Company. They were characters hard look gaunt features, accompanied by a Ranger looking even harder, his eyes betrayed the weary expression alcque man and not concerned with things he has seen and done. The Australian spoke to Locker (Tester platoon sergeant) who previously had served as an advisor to them. It was a busy meeting. Some of us, curious to those foreigners, we gathered in the vicinity to hear what they said. The Australian described a confrontation that had held that morning. The details of the fight beyond my memory, but remember that the lower of the two said his patrol had taken a memory of the body of a dead Vietcong. He took something from his pocket and, smiling, held it up, in the manner of a fisherman who poses for a photograph with a huge trout. It was an educational vision and not edifying. Nothing could have been better calculated to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe kind of war that was Vietnam and the type of things men can do in the war if they engage in it long enough. Do not hide my emotions. I was impressed by what I saw in part because they expected to see such a thing and partly because the man was holding was a faithful image of myself, a member of the English-speaking world. In fact, I would say "The holding" in the plural, because there were two, strung on a wire: two human ears, brown and bloody. "
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