Desde su diseño en 1942, el AK-47 ha sido usado por más de 70 países, además de por innumerables grupos guerrilleros y terroristas.
El famoso fusil, considerado el más resistente y fácil de utilizar del mundo, no has a history as proudest. The history of the AK-47 not only is associated with wars like Vietnam or Afghanistan, Soviet occupation, in the 70 - but also a paramilitary conflicts, terrorism and insurgency in any part of the world, from the jungles of Latin America and the African carnage to Southeast Asia, where child soldiers are currency and cannon fodder.
100 million Kalashnikovs in more than 70 countries
The estimate of arms manufactured as designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in the world far exceeds the 100 million units, that without taking into account those that are manufactured illegally.
users AK-47, officially, amount to more than 70 states, enter which includes countries such as Algeria, Bangladesh, Bosnia, Cameroon, Colombia, including paramilitaries, Cuba, Egypt, Finland, Indonesia, India, Iran, Lebanon, Libya, Mozambique, Palestinian Authority, also by militants from Hamas and other armed groups ", Poland, Somalia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
The famous AK-47 rifle, known popularly as "goat horn" in some African countries is still produced in factories Izhmash of Izhevsk, a town near to the Urals and about 1,300 kilometers east of Moscow.
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The AK-47 is considered one of the best rifles in the world, if not the best. The Kalashnikov is famous for its security in the most adverse weather conditions, from deserts to snow, and allows seamless use with either mud or water. The main disadvantage is their lack of accuracy at long distances.
son of a farmer Gen. Mikhail Kalashnikov was born on November 10, 1919 in Kuria, former Soviet Union and now northern Siberia, Russia, the son peasants. At first, the young Michael wanted to be an engineer and design agricultural machinery, but fate, the Nazis and World War II made him a gun designer and creator of the famous AK-47.
worked on the railroad, he joined the Red Army entered the school of mechanical battle tanks, where he held various designs of accessories that enhance the quality of military vehicles of the era. He fought in World War II in Leningrad, now St. Petersburg and Bryansk, where he was wounded in the arm by a bomb.
was in the hospital, and due to complaints from his colleagues, he began to think in a practical weapon, easy and effective management. Sketches that would later become the Avtomat Kalashnikova, Model 1947.
Despite the success and knowledge of Russian rifle over the years, the Kalashnikov brand was not registered in the Swiss Patent Oficinternacional until 1998, so its inventor never got any economic benefit from their creation.
The AK-47 Avtomat Kalashnikova model stands for 1947 (from Russian Автомат Калашникова образца 1947 года) is a Soviet assault rifle designed in 1942 by Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian fighter during the Second World War. Become the official rifle of the Soviet Union between 1947 and 1978, is currently the most widely used firearm in the world. In 1949 the Red Army adopted it as the main weapon of the infantry, replacing PPSh-41 submachine gun, although it was not until 1954 when it entered service on a large scale. He was subsequently elected by the Eastern bloc countries in the Warsaw Pact as a service weapon for their troops during the Cold War. Features
What makes this rifle unique of assault is its ingenious cartridge refilling system, which uses the force of the combustion gases produced by firing to facilitate the placement of a new round in the chamber of the gun and eject the cap and used.
In this system, the power supply to operate the weapon is made by taking a small amount of gas drivers of previous shot, once the bullet has passed into the mouth. This gas is directed into an outlet, through which enters the gas tube weapon: there pushes a piston that is connected to the bolt and its locking device. First open the bolt and then pushed back. Next, a return spring exerts this forward action to repeat the cycle. This makes the gun has less recoil and therefore the reliability of firing is greater. Its magazine curved, which gives it greater capacity in less space, is also the hallmark of assault rifle. AK boots and its derivatives are made of aluminum and plastic, to accelerate and lower the manufacturing time.
The AK-47 is famous for its high reliability, since it supports very adverse weather conditions without incident. It has been proven the weapon is fired despite being thrown into the mud, submerged in water and run over by a Hummer in the program broadcast by the Discovery Channel "the best." Old trees with dozens of years of active duty do not have any problem, it is a very safe gun and can achieve a target 285 meters away, according to the manufacturer, which was designed according to the experiences of the Second World War and was meant that all the fighting occurred within that distance.
There are reports of the Vietnam War where U.S. soldiers abandoned their M16 assault rifle by the North Vietnamese, because of the constant jamming of their rifles and the fact that this weapon was short and easy to operate in the jungle. The doctrine of fighting North Vietnamese did not require a distance, but assaults from 100 to 50 meters or less, to disable the advantages of western rifle shot, which was more modern but also was less useful in the battlefield. This was published in Life magazine's June 23, 1967, whose cover, with the foot "Wrap-up of the astounding war", appeared the image of the Israeli soldier Major General Yossi Ben Hanan in the Suez Canal water to the chest, smiling at the photographer over his head and holding AK-47.Sin But this practice of using the AK-47 was banned by officials because soldiers captured the gun drew friendly fire because of the characteristic sound of the gun. Instead, it paid off the guns captured and used by groups of commands behind North Vietnamese lines, which were lost in the ambush by the same sound of the gun.
Although it was not all glory to the Russian rifle, great shot selector (usually placed in automatic fire) was a characteristic noise that probably killed more of a Vietcong guerrilla position to change auto insurance short distances , the sound reaching the ears of American soldiers.
subsequently created new models, including a revamped version known and AKM, or assault with folding stock (AKMS), specially designed for parachutists, whose weight was 3.14 kg.
In 1974 there was a new version: the AK-74. Made in a smaller caliber, of 5.45 x 45 mm, the AK-74 also has a short version for special operations: the AK-74U, also in 5.45 x 39 caliber. This version has been made by several countries including China, North Korea, Finland, Egypt, countries of the former Covenant Warsaw and have even found models made by tribes in Pakistan.
North Korean version is longer, the Czechoslovak is lighter. The AK is one of the most requested weapons to combat irregular. It has become a symbol of popular uprising and is used by several insurgent groups, rebel armies, terrorist organizations and dictatorial states. This is due to its easy handling, low price and almost no maintenance. Access to this weapon is simple, so that it can also be found in legitimate armies.
The widespread availability of the AK-47 and its variants is a legacy of the Cold War. Its production was originally promoted by the government Russian among its allies, but there was little or even zero controls on production agreements. Millions of AK-47 were also provided to some laws during that period and are still in circulation.
Note that the AK-47 has been the basis for developing several different weapons, such as the RPK light machine gun, the IMI Galil rifle, the Rk-62, the INSAS, the M76 and the Type 86s among others. It is also noteworthy that the AK family has a unique modular design that allows the exchange of different parts between models, so that weapons can be repaired or modified without difficulty for the user.
AK-47 variants
The main variants of the AK-47 are:
- AK-47 1948-51, 7.62 × 39 mm - Early models with type 1, had a box made of stamped steel mechanisms. Today they are very scarce.
- AK-47 1952, 7.62 × 39 mm - has sections of wood and rolled steel in order to resist corrosion. It weighs about 4.2 kg
- AK-47S - version with folding stock, similar to the German model MP40 dedicated to use in combat vehicle BMP infntería and Soviet paratroopers. RPK
- , 7.62 × 39 mm - light machine gun with a longer barrel and bipod.
- AKM, 7.62 × 39 mm - A simplified, lighter version of the AK-47. This version has an approximate weight of 3.61 kg, considerably less than the previous version, this is because it has a drawer mechanisms lighter. AKMS
- , 7.62 × 39 mm - Version AKM with folding stock.
- AKMSU , 7.62 × 39 mm - similar but shortened version of the AKM, is about 35 cm.
- Type 56, 7.62 x 39 mm - China version of the AKM with bayonet attached.
- Type 58, 7.62 x 39 mm - North Korean version.
- IMI Galil, 5.56 x 45 mm NATO - copy runs various mechanisms such as gas-operated piston, Israeli manufacturing beginning, today is manufactured military supplies Colombian government in its plants INDUMIL investment casting and metalworking Bogota in Colombia for now IWI (formerly IMI)
- Rk 62 , 7.62 x 39 mm - Finnish version and is close to AK and use the same gas system, the rotating bolt and magazine curved scratches, is distinguished by using a tubular stock, the plastic forearm has holes and paratroop version has a skeleton folding stock that folds to the right of the weapon, similar to that of the Belgian FN FAL and the Israeli IMI Galil .
- AK-74 series, 5.45 × 39 mm - View main article for details.
- RPK-74 5.54 x 39 mm - light machine gun from the previous version, with the same caliber. INSAS
- Indian version
- AK-101 , 5.56 x 45 mm NATO.
- AK-103, 7.62 x 39 mm.
- AK-107/108 , 5.56 x 45 mm NATO.
In 1978, the Soviet Union began a process of replacement of the AK-47 and AKM by a new design: the AK-74. This rifle began to be exported to Eastern Europe when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 , producing both this weapon as all other light weapons dropped dramatically.
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